An Ethnopragmatic Study in Classroom Learning: How Do Liberal and Conservative Teachers Use Directive Speech Strategies?

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the directive speech strategies used by Indonesian language teachers with liberal and conservative ideological orientations in classroom teaching. The ethnopragmatic approach is employed to explore how ideological differences affect the way teachers give commands, instructions, and prohibitions to students. The research data were collected through observation, documentation, and interviews with Indonesian language teachers from several schools. The findings show that teachers with a liberal orientation tend to use more relaxed and participatory direct strategies, while those with a conservative orientation use more firm and instructional direct strategies. On the other hand, in indirect strategies, liberal teachers more often encourage students to interact in a gentler and deeper manner, while conservative teachers tend to give warnings or prohibitions in a more explicit and structured way. Overall, the findings provide insight into the influence of educational ideology on the way teachers communicate and direct students, as well as how cultural context influences these interactions